Wright was orphaned while a young child and raised by a local Presbyterian minister, Cyrus Kingsbury. He was extremely intelligent, educated at the Union Theological Seminary and ordained in 1856.
He worked among his own people as a pastor and was one of the team sent to Washington, DC in 1866 to negotiate a new treaty with the government. While away he was elected paramount chief and was reelected in 1868, but his chieftainship was marred by accusations of profiting from the position
He married, and his son Frank Hall Wright was one of the first Presbyterian ministers to work among the Apache and Commanche.
He was fluent in at least five languages and was also the person who created the name Oklahoma (Red People) for the new territory.